Amandla asuka ku-100W ukuya ku-500MW
On-grid kanye off-grid
Thumela OKUFUNILE MANJEIsistimu yegridi yelanga uma iqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo efanayo emakethe, inezinzuzo ezivelele ezingenakuqhathaniswa ngokusebenza, ikhwalithi, ukubukeka, njll., futhi ijabulela idumela elihle emakethe.U-Ming Feng ufingqa iziphambeko zemikhiqizo edlule, futhi eqhubeka ekuthuthukisa . Ukucaciswa kwesistimu yegridi yeSolar kungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokwezidingo zakho.
Uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla elanga lwakhiwe ngamaphaneli elanga, izilawuli zelanga namabhethri. Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla okukhiphayo kuyi-AC 240V noma i-110V, i-inverter nayo iyadingeka. Imisebenzi yengxenye ngayinye yilena:
Iphaneli yelanga
Iphaneli yelanga iyingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokuphehla amandla elanga, futhi iyingxenye enenani eliphezulu ohlelweni lokuphehla amandla elanga. Indima yayo ukuguqula amandla emisebe yelanga ibe amandla kagesi, noma ukuyithumela ebhethrini ukuze igcinwe, noma ukukhuthaza umsebenzi wokulayisha. Ikhwalithi kanye nezindleko zephaneli yelanga izonquma ngokuqondile ikhwalithi nezindleko zalo lonke uhlelo.
Isilawuli selanga
Umsebenzi wesilawuli selanga ukulawula isimo sokusebenza salo lonke uhlelo nokuvikela ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile nasekukhipheni ngokweqile. Ezindaweni ezinomehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa, isilawuli esiqeqeshiwe sizophinde sibe nomsebenzi wokunxeshezelwa kwezinga lokushisa. Eminye imisebenzi eyengeziwe, njengokushintsha kokulawula ukukhanya kanye neswishi yokulawula isikhathi, kufanele ihlinzekwe yisilawuli.
Ibhethri
Ngokuvamile, amabhethri e-lead-acid, futhi amabhethri e-nickel metal hydride, amabhethri e-nickel cadmium noma amabhethri e-lithium nawo angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezincane. Njengoba amandla okokufaka wesistimu yokuphehla amandla elanga ye-photovoltaic engazinzile ngokwedlulele, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukulungisa isistimu yebhethri ukuze isebenze. Umsebenzi wayo ukugcina amandla kagesi akhiqizwa iphaneli yelanga uma kunokukhanya futhi uyikhulule lapho kudingeka.
i-inverter
Ezikhathini eziningi, ukunikezwa kwamandla ka-240VAC kanye ne-110VAC AC kuyadingeka. Njengoba ukuphuma okuqondile kwamandla elanga ngokuvamile kuyi-12VDC, 24VDC kanye ne-48VDC, ukuze kuhlinzekwe amandla ezinto zikagesi ezingu-240VAC, kuyadingeka ukuguqula amandla e-DC akhiqizwa uhlelo lokuphehla amandla elanga abe amandla e-AC, ngakho-ke i-DC-AC inverter okudingekayo. Kwezinye izimo, lapho kudingeka ama-voltage amaningi, ama-inverter e-DC-DC nawo ayasetshenziswa, njengokuguqula amandla kagesi angu-24VDC abe amandla kagesi angu-5VDC.
Umgomo wokukhiqiza amandla we-Photovoltaic cell
I-Photovoltaic cell iyidivayisi ye-semiconductor enezici zokuguqulwa kokukhanya nogesi. Iguqula ngokuqondile amandla emisebe yelanga ibe yamanje eqondile, futhi iyiyunithi eyisisekelo kakhulu yesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic. Iseli le-Photovoltaic liyi-semiconductor enezici ezikhethekile zikagesi ngokwengeza izakhi ezithile (ezifana ne-phosphorus noma i-boron) ku-silicon yekristalu ukuze kwakheke ukungalingani okuhlala njalo enkokhelweni yamangqamuzana ezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga, izindleko zamahhala zingakhiqizwa kuma-semiconductors anezakhiwo ezikhethekile zikagesi. Lezi zindleko zamahhala zihamba ngendlela futhi ziyanqwabelana, ngaleyo ndlela zikhiqize amandla kagesi lapho amaphethelo amabili evaliwe. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic, noma umphumela we-photovoltaic.
Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic
Isistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic yenziwe nge-photovoltaic array (i-photovoltaic array yakhiwe ngamamojula we-photovoltaic ochungechungeni nokuhambisana), i-inverter nezinye izingxenye. Ingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic iyimojula ye-photovoltaic, eyakhiwe ngamaseli e-photovoltaic ochungechungeni, ngokuhambisana futhi ahlanganiswe, futhi aguqule ngokuqondile amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi. Ugesi owenziwe amamojula we-photovoltaic ungowamanje oqondile, ongasetshenziswa ngokuqondile, noma ungaguqulwa ube wamanje oshintshanayo nge-inverter ukuze usetshenziswe. Ngokomunye umbono, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic angasetshenziswa ngokushesha, noma agcinwe ngamadivaysi okugcina amandla njengamabhethri, futhi akhishwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi njengoba kudingeka.
Indawo esebenzayo yesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe
Ipaki yezimboni: ikakhulukazi embonini esebenzisa amandla amakhulu kanye nezindleko zikagesi eziphakeme, indawo yophahla lwefektri ngokuvamile inkulu, futhi uphahla lwangempela luvulekile futhi luyisicaba, olufanele ukufaka ama-photovoltaic arrays. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomthwalo omkhulu wamandla, isistimu ye-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe ingakwazi ukumunca futhi isuse ingxenye kagesi ngaso leso sikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela ilondoloze izikweletu zikagesi zabasebenzisi.
Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano: ezifana nomphumela wamapaki ezimboni, umehluko wukuthi izakhiwo eziningi zezentengiselwano ziwuphahla lukasimende, olungcono kakhulu ekufakweni kwama-photovoltaic arrays, kodwa ngokuvamile anezidingo ze-aesthetics yezakhiwo. Ngokwezimpawu zezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, amahhotela, izikhungo zezingqungquthela, izigodi zaseDuban nezinye izimboni zesevisi, izici zomthwalo wabasebenzisi ngokuvamile ziba phezulu emini futhi zibe phansi ebusuku, ezingasabalalisa kangcono izici zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic entshonalanga.
Izinsiza zezolimo: kunenani elikhulu lophahla olutholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, okuhlanganisa izindlu eziphethwe nguwe, iDaliu yemifino, iWutang, njll. Izindawo zasemakhaya zivame ukutholakala ekugcineni kwegridi kagesi yomphakathi, futhi izinga lamandla liphansi. Ukwakha isistimu ye-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe ezindaweni zasemakhaya kungathuthukisa isiqinisekiso sokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kanye nekhwalithi yamandla
Uhulumeni nezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi: ngenxa yokuphatha okuhlangene, umthwalo wabasebenzisi abanokwethenjelwa nokuziphatha kwebhizinisi, kanye nomdlandla omkhulu wokufakwa, izakhiwo zikamasipala nezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi nazo zifaneleka ukwakhiwa okumaphakathi nokuqhubekayo kwe-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe.
Izindawo eziqhelile zokulima nezokwelusa neziqhingi: Ngenxa yebanga elisuka kugridi kagesi, kunezigidi zabantu abangenawo ugesi ezindaweni ezikude zokulima nezamafuyo naseziqhingini ezisogwini eTibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Sichuan nezinye izifundazwe. izifunda e-China. Amasistimu e-photovoltaic angaphandle kwegridi, ahambisana neminye imithombo yamandla, afaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kulezi zindawo.
Isistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe ehlanganiswe nezakhiwo
Igridi ye-PV exhunywe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuhlanganiswe nezakhiwo kuyindlela ebalulekile yokufakwa kwesicelo sokuphehlwa kwamandla e-PV asabalalisiwe okwamanje. Ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi endleleni yokufaka ehlangene nezakhiwo kanye nomklamo kagesi wokwakha i-PV. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokufaka ezihlanganiswe nezakhiwo, zingahlukaniswa zibe ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo se-PV kanye nokwengezwa kwesakhiwo se-PV
Inqubo ye-solar photovoltaic power generation ilula. Azikho izingxenye eziphendukayo ezisebenza ngomshini. Ayiwadli amafutha. Yonke ibha yesakhiwo ichichima noma iyiphi into, okuhlanganisa igesi, ngaphandle komsindo noma ukungcola. Izinsiza zamandla elanga zisakazwa kabanzi, kanti enye isetshenziswa phezulu kanti enye iyaphela. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-photovoltaic kuyisimo esimeme kakhulu se-anti equity (izinsiza eziningi kakhulu kanye nenqubo yokuphehla amandla ahlanzekile) ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo, obunalezi zinzuzo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
① Izinsiza zamandla elanga azipheli, futhi amandla elanga asatshalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni. Amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-Photovoltaic angasetshenziswa noma kuphi lapho kunokukhanya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo, ukuphakama nezinye izici.
② Izinsiza zamandla elanga zitholakala yonke indawo futhi zinganikezwa eduze ngaphandle kokudluliswa kwebanga elide, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa izintambo zokudlulisela amabanga amade.
③ Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic ilula. Kungukuguqulwa okuqondile kusuka kumandla okukhanya kuya kumandla kagesi. Ayikho inqubo emaphakathi (efana nokuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa abe amandla omshini, ukuguqulwa kwamandla emishini abe amandla kazibuthe kagesi, njll.), ukunyakaza kwemishini, futhi akukho ukugqokwa komshini. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-thermodynamic, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla okucatshangelwayo, okungafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-80%, futhi kunamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.
④ I-Photovoltaic powergeneration ngokwayo ayisebenzisi uphethiloli, ayikhiphi noma iyiphi into ehlanganisa amagesi abamba ukushisa namanye amagesi okukhipha umoya, ayingcolisi umoya, ayidali msindo, ayihambisani nemvelo, ngeke ihlupheke ngenxa yenkinga yamandla noma ukungazinzi kwamandla. imakethe kaphethiloli, futhi ingamandla amasha avuselelekayo aluhlaza ngempela futhi ahambisana nemvelo.
⑤ Inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic ayidingi amanzi okupholisa futhi ingafakwa ehlane laseGobi ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-Photovoltaic kungabuye kuhlanganiswe kalula nezakhiwo ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo se-photovoltaic esididiyelwe sokukhiqiza amandla, esingadingi ukuhlala okuhlukile komhlaba futhi singagcina izinsiza zomhlaba ezibalulekile.
⑥ Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic akunazo izingxenye zokuhambisa ngomshini, okulula ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni, ezinzile futhi ezinokwethenjelwa ekusebenzeni. Isethi yesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic ingakhiqiza amandla inqobo nje uma kukhona amamojula weseli yelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ngokuyisisekelo ingafinyelela izindleko ezingagadiwe neziphansi zokugcinwa.
⑦ Uhlelo lokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic lunokusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile kanye nempilo ende yesevisi (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25). Ukuphila kwamangqamuzana elanga e-crystalline silicon kungaba yinde iminyaka engama-20-35.
⑧ Imojula yeseli yelanga ilula ngesakhiwo, incane ngosayizi, ilula ngesisindo, futhi ilungele ukuthuthwa nokufakwa. Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic sifushane, futhi singaba sikhulu noma sincane ngokusho komthamo wokulayisha amandla, okulula futhi okuguquguqukayo, futhi kulula ukuhlanganisa nokwandisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga le-photovoltaic kuwuhlobo olusha lwamandla kagesi olunamathemba amakhulu, anezinzuzo ezintathu: unomphela, ukuhlanzeka nokuguquguquka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga le-photovoltaic ngeke kubangele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo; Amaseli elanga angaba amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo kanye namancane ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ezimbonini zikagesi ezimaphakathi ezinomthamo wama-kilowatts ayisigidi kuya ezinhlelweni ezizimele zokuphehla amandla elanga eziphakela umuzi owodwa kuphela. Lezi zici azinakuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zikagesi.